Sun, 05 Sep 2010 12:43:18 -0400 -
Posted in prado madrid
The second tremor occurred at 8:15am, again, centered in northeast Arkansas with a magnitude of 7.0. It intensified the damage caused by the quake six hours earlier. The opening and closing of fissures on the Earth’s surface spawned waves on the Mississippi River.
January 23, 1812 Earthquake
At 9:00am, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck and the epicenter was located in an area in southeastern Missouri known as the “bootheel”. There were numerous landslides, land fissures, warping ground and re-routing of rivers and streams.
February 7, 1812 Earthquake
The next earthquake struck at 4:45am with the epicenter near New Madrid, Missouri and a magnitude of 7.4. The town was destroyed. Effects were felt in St. Louis where many houses suffered damage. This triggered fissures, landslides and ground warping.
Damage Caused by the New Madrid Earthquakes
Witnesses reported the ground rolling in waves, the ground breaking open plus the sinking and rising of large tracts of land. In areas where the land sunk, water rushed in from ground fissures. Hillsides gave way and low land become ridges.
Along the Mississippi River, islands disappeared and the waves overturned boats or washed them to shore. River banks fell into the water. The course of the Mississippi permanently changed and land that was once on one side of the river, ended up on the opposite side of the riverbed.
There were claims that the New Madrid Earthquake caused the Mississippi River to flow backwards. In reality, the waves generated by the earthquake started to move upstream and it gave the illusion that the river had reversed its flow.
In swampy areas near the St Francis River, Arkansas, sand and coal spewed out of fissures. The river level rose by 24 feet.
There were reports of damage as far away as Washington DC, New York City and Cincinnati Ohio. Church bells rang in Boston which is over 1,000 miles away from New Madrid.
Predictions of Future Earthquakes in the New Madrid Fault Zone
According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in a report The Mississippi Valley – Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On:
“Scientists estimate that the probability of a magnitude 6 to 7 earthquake occurring in this seismic zone within the next 50 years is higher than 90%. Such an earthquake could hit the Mississippi Valley at any time. “
In 1983, the states of Tennessee, Missouri, Mississippi, Kentucky, Illinois and Indiana formed the Central United States Earthquake Consortium (CUSEC). Their mandate is to have disaster plans in place, improve seismic studies, educate the public and bring bridges, dams and buildings up to current earthquake standards.
Sources:
The Mississippi Valley – Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On: U.S. Geological Survey
New Madrid Earthquake: The Virtual Times
New Madrid Earthquakes 1811 - 1812: U.S. Geological Survey
The New Madrid Seismic Zone
Although the West Coast and Alaska generally has the greatest earthquake activity, the potential for moderate-to-large earthquakes exist in the Midwest where three of the largest historical earthquakes occurred in the winter of 1811-1812 along the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) in southeastern Missouri. The three main earthquakes of moment magnitude 7.0-8.0 occurred on December 16, 1811; January 23, 1812; and February 7, 1812.
The NMSZ stretches from just the west of Memphis in Tennessee into southern Illinois, and consists of three fault segments: the northeast and the southwest segments which are strike-slip faults, and the Reelfoot or central segment which is a thrust fault. The probability of a New Madrid earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or greater occurring in the next 50 years is 25-40%, while a repeat of the 1811-1812 earthquakes is 7-10% according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) of the University of Memphis.
The Region of Potential Impact
Earthquakes in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) are less frequent than in the Western United States (WUS). However, they affect much larger areas because of the regional geology being different east and west of the Rocky Mountains, where the CEUS is a more stable region in which the energy released from a large earthquake is transmitted into the surrounding regions more efficiently, while the energy is relatively quickly absorbed in the WUS. For comparison, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake of magnitude 7.8 was felt 350 miles away in the middle of Nevada, while church bells rang in Boston, Massachusetts, from the New Madrid earthquake of December 1811 of magnitude about 7.5, which is 1,000 miles away. Therefore, a moderate-to-large earthquake activity in the NMSZ is capable of causing widespread damage over a large region in the Midwest. The region of potential impact is comprised of eight states: Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee.
Ground Shaking Intensity
The intensity of ground shaking that a building will experience during an earthquake is a function of three main factors:
The earthquake moment magnitude where the larger the earthquake, the stronger is the shaking.
The closest distance from the segment of the fault that ruptured to the building, where the nearer the building is to the fault, the greater is the shaking.
The type of soil materials beneath the building, where soft soils amplify and prolong the shaking even at great distances from the ruptured fault, while hard bedrocks do not amplify the shaking. Deep soils in the Mississippi River valley would shake more than bedrock in the hills as a result of the persistent shaking where the seismic waves are trapped and reverberate. Unfortunately most urban development is in valleys.
Hazards Associated with Ground Shaking
Hazards associated with ground shaking in the Midwest includes:
Liquefaction susceptibility where partially saturated soil deposits may completely lose cohesion during prolonged shaking, behave like a liquid, and lose their ability to support structures. The highest hazard is in low-lying areas where there are loose, sandy soils or poorly compacted artificial fill. A liquefied sand layer can shoot to the surface through cracks, forming a sand-blow, and depositing sand on the ground. This results in permanent ground deformations such as lateral spreading and settlement, both of which increase the likelihood of damage to buildings and infrastructures.
Landslide susceptibility where steep sloping areas underlain by loose or soft rock are most susceptible to earthquake-induced landslides, damaging buildings and other structures.
Fires where earthquakes in urban areas are often followed by destructive fires because of gas lines break and electrical shorts that may quickly spread due to clogged roads and collapsed bridges that prevent firefighter access, or damaged water tanks that limit water for firefighting.
Expected Regional Economic Losses
The region surrounding the NMSZ is home to millions of people, including those in the metropolitan areas of St. Louis and Memphis. Most structures were not built to withstand earthquake shaking. Moreover, earthquake awareness and preparedness have lagged far behind as compared to the West Coast. A worst-case scenario study was conducted by the Mid-America Earthquake (MAE) Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for each state affected by a hypothetical earthquake of magnitude 7.7 predicted by the USGS.
The study concluded that Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri and Illinois would incur significant direct economic losses that reach $56, $45, $40 and $35 billion, respectively, while Arkansas and Mississippi would incur nearly $19 and $9.5 billion in direct economic loss, respectively. On the other hand, Indiana and Alabama would experience limited direct economic losses of approximately $1.5 and $1.0 billion, respectively. It shall be noted that the regional direct economic losses can not be determined by adding the above mentioned values. These values would be significantly reduced for a moderate earthquake of magnitude 6.0-6.5. Indirect economic losses due to business interpretation and loss of market share may be much higher than the direct economic losses. For comparison, the insured damages from Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the largest single natural disaster in the United States in recent years, were $45 billion. Additional federal aid and reconstruction expenditures were $127 billion.
Expected Buildings Damage
The MAE study demonstrates that residential buildings would incur more damage than any other building usage where wood frame buildings are the most prevalent building type in the Midwest and comprise a large portion of all building damage, while unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings comprise a much smaller portion of the regional building inventory. However, estimates show a much higher percentage of URM buildings would be damaged even from moderate shaking. In Tennessee; over 250,000 buildings are expected to be moderately or severely damaged from which 50,000 at least moderately damaged URM buildings from rupture of the southwestern segment of the NMSZ. Over 260,000 people would be displaced with over 60,000 casualties (injuries and fatalities). In Missouri; over 80,000 buildings are expected to be damaged leaving more than 120,000 people displaced and causing over 15,000 casualties.
How to Survive a New Madrid Earthquake?
Seismic Retrofitting
If your home is constructed before the 1980’s, you probably need to retrofit it, especially if you live within the NMSZ (refer to the red, orange and yellow contours of the USGS seismic hazard map in the earthquake hazards section at http://earthquake-preparedness.net ). Seismic retrofitting measures ensure the structural integrity of your home to withstand earthquakes with little structural damage. Retrofitting is your own decision at your own risk according to your financial situation as it may be costly. However, it may be addressed one step at a time. The best return on the investment of retrofitting efforts is to initially address the foundations issues followed by bracing the cripple walls, then bracing the soft story, and ending with bracing or anchoring the masonry chimney.
Contents Mitigation
You should mitigate the contents of your home whether you retrofit it or not. Earthquake mitigation measures are simple techniques taken to secure non-structural elements and contents of your home to the studs of the interior walls, in order to reduce the risk to lives and investments, using inexpensive hardware tools and materials found in hardware stores and home centers. Items in the garage should also be secured to reduce damage to vehicles. Self-mitigation techniques can be undertaken by homeowners as they are simple to explain and require no special expertise, materials or tools to implement.
Earthquake Insurance
Homeowners insurance does not provide coverage for earthquake damage to your home. If you live within the NMSZ, you should consider earthquake insurance as an effective way to manage potential costs of future inevitable earthquakes.
Earthquake Preparedness Plan
You should review, update, or develop your own earthquake preparedness plan that includes maintaining emergency food and water for 1-2 weeks at all times along with personal survival kits and a household emergency kit. The magnitude 7.0 Haiti earthquake demonstrates the necessity of earthquake preparedness for anyone living in an active seismic region.
Concluding Remarks
Haiti earthquake is a wake up call for earthquake preparedness in the Midwestern States that has lagged far behind as compared to the West Coast. If you live within the region of the potential impact of New Madrid earthquakes, you should re-consider retrofitting your home or at least mitigating its contents to protect yourself and your family. The benefits of seismic retrofitting and mitigation go well beyond being simply reducing financial losses. It will make your home safer and help in returning your family much more quickly back to their normal life style. In addition, earthquake insurance would help in managing potential costs of future earthquakes. Finally, develop an earthquake preparedness plan that includes maintaining emergency food and water for 1-2 weeks along with personal survival kits and a household emergency kit.
Additional information on earthquakes in the Midwest and related hazards including illustrative figures and photos can be found at http://hubpages.com/hub/Earthquake-Hazards-in-the-Midwest
My family and I survived the January 17th 1995 Kobe Earthquake although our building partially collapsed. Check my website for additional information on earthquake awareness and preparedness in the United States including earthquake damage photos of Kobe earthquake.
Sun, 05 Sep 2010 12:43:22 -0400 -
Posted in madridmusic
Gumbo? Curry? ?Ethnic’ Dining in Madrid
EIGHT years ago, when I moved to Madrid, I was so astonished by the diversity of traditional Spanish cuisine — to say nothing of the nueva cocina phenomenon spawned by chefs like Ferran Adrià — that it took a while to notice that most “ethnic food” in the city, be it Indian, Italian or Chinese, was often a tame and tepid version of what’s available in other modern capitals.
There was decent sushi (Spaniards are Europe’s top consumers of fish), Argentine steaks and some Mexican cantinas for birthday parties and boozy celebrations. But in a country where a squeeze of lemon can be considered excessive if the fish is fresh, spicy or heavily sauced dishes were automatically suspected of being made with inferior ingredients.
Not anymore. Over the last decade, waves of immigrants, many from Asia, have crossed paths with legions of Spaniards who have toured the globe and developed new tastes. The results can now be sampled at restaurants all over town.
“Right now no other European city except London offers the same range and diversity of international cuisine,” said Victor de la Serna, an editor and food writer for the newspaper El Mundo. “Plus here you have ‘New World’ restaurants serving gourmet Peruvian or down-home New Orleans that would be inconceivable in Paris.”
Here are five such places. Prices, for two, do not include drinks or tips.
DIVERXO
Each morning at 9 sharp, hopeful diners start speed-dialing Diverxo in hopes of nabbing reservations, which are typically gone by 9:10 a.m. And those aren’t reservations for the coming weekend; bookings for the restaurant’s 30 seats are taken exactly one month in advance. With no à la carte menu, Diverxo’s seven-, eight- or nine-course meals last nearly three hours, meaning just one seating at both lunch and dinner.
Things have only heated up since November, when the restaurant, led by the chef David Muñoz and his wife, Ángela Montero, received a Michelin star. Mr. Muñoz’s fresh-faced appearance belies an impressive résumé, including five years in London at elite Asian restaurants like Hakkasan and Nobu. Back in Madrid since 2008, Mr. Muñoz, 30, has been piling up accolades for inspired Asian preparations in which he handles classics of the Spanish larder like morcilla (blood sausage) and white asparagus with the same deft touch as mizuna and coconut milk.
I secretly hope to be underwhelmed at places with so much buzz, but Diverxo happily disappointed.
“Get over yourself, this is really amazing,” my friend Deborah said between bites of a delicate golden pancake cradling the crispy skin of suckling pig. It was a riff on Spanish cochinillo and Peking duck and was indeed amazing. Next came the meat: a delicately steamed pork hamburger nestled in an artfully cut leaf of iceberg lettuce.
My favorite dish was the strangest — a buttery “bun” that looked like a snowball but was filled with black trumpet mushrooms and served with a paper-thin slice of smoky, air-cured beef draped over a metal spike protruding out of the plate. Coming to the table, it looked like a maquette for one of Santiago Calatrava’s next architectural projects.
Diverxo, Calle Pensamiento 28; (34-91) 570-0766; diverxo.com. Dinner for two, from 150 euros, 6 at .24 to the euro.
SUDESTADA
Since moving into sleek new digs in late 2009, Sudestada looks and feels like a swank global supper club hovering somewhere between Hanoi and Havana. Perhaps that’s because the owner is Argentine and the chef is from Vietnam and knows his way around such Southeast Asian cuisines as Thai, Malay and especially Vietnamese. Specialty cocktails like the citrusy caipirinhas set a breezy mood, and the waiters do a great job of taking diners through the varied menu.
For first-timers like me and my two friends they suggested a trio of classic starters including nem cua — light and crispy spring rolls — samosas and Singapore dumplings bathed in a savory pork broth. In a country where chefs have traditionally turned down the heat on spices to suit local tastes, Spanish food critics rave about the authentically hot and spicy red curry with beef cheeks. For us, the sate kambing, a brochette of succulent, almost caramelized lamb was the star of the entrees.
Standouts among the cool and fruity desserts include a mango lassi topped with litchis and lemon-basil granita as well as a sweet coconut cream balanced by tart passion fruit sorbet.
Sudestada, Calle Ponzano 85; (34-91) 533-4154. Dinner for two, 100 euros.
99 SUSHI BAR
In an elegant room with alabaster panels one floor above Calle Hermosilla, which links the high-end shopping district of Barrio Salamanca with the corporate expense account crowd on Paseo de la Castellana, the newest branch of 99 Sushi Bar is not a cheap date. But it’s worth the splurge to sample the Peruvian chef Luís Arévalo’s inventive Japanese cuisine.
Mr. Arévalo offers a worthwhile 65-euro tasting menu that provides an ocean-hopping range through seafood preparations (sushi, sashimi and tartares are the house specialties), but my friend and I opted to skip that menu’s standard starters like miso soup and seaweed salad and dive right in with the raw fish, choosing six dishes of our own to share for more or less the same price.
Hello!
Do not have a plan with your girl friends?. Bored of the same places every day?, Are you maybe getting married soon and still don´t know where to go for your farewell as singel?. Do like girls in Sex and the City, stick together. Chek it out where to go!
I suggest you five most fashionable destinations for this moment to make it into an unforgettable experience!
If you’re a girl or a bride … quiet and peaceful: in Spain
You’d better have a country escape in Spain. It´s great!. A good idea is to take a look at Rusticae, a company dedicated to selecting the best charming hotels in Spain. My favorite? El Milano Rea lin Avila, who has eight oversized suites themed magnificent views of the Sierra de Gredos, wine tasting, horse riding and spa, and the Castillo del Bosque La Zoreda, in Oviedo (Asturias), surrounded by oak and chestnut, with an imposing Tower Suiteof four floors, with lift and a terrace-solarium with jacuzzi.
If you are … the Dancing Queen
No target as London when riding a real bachelorette party, especially when the bride is a ‘night bird’ … The European capital of fashion and the latest trends offers a huge range of possibilities: from a long day shopping in Oxford Street to a late lunch at the exclusive hotel Dorchester, one of the most luxurious and impressive of the city, as streets London is full of surprising proposals. The best: the night, with Club Boujis in South Kensington, which is open every day of the week, and is a favorite of socialites like Paris Hilton, Princess Eugenie and Chelsy Davy .
If you are family girl …Barcelona!
A trip to Barcelona is perfect for you: the city that never grows (it is located between the Mediterranean Sea and Mount Tibidabo), is collected and is full of exciting destinations. The tourist routes through the city are a luxury, with dozens of wonderful places and an impressive cultural offer. The touch chic: the restaurant Shoko, with an extensive terrace overlooking the sea, in line with the beach of Barceloneta, and a menu that fuses eastern and western cuisines to the beat of DJ sessions.
If you are … an adventure girl
Looking for a weekend of outdoor activities full of strong emotions: in the surf school Troka in Gorliz (Vizcaya) in Spain, with high-risk organized half-day to seven days: from canoe trips in the bay to kinds of surf and body board, the list of activities is personalized and includes proposals as interesting as the courses of introduction to climbing, archery and walking routes through the cliffs.
If you are … all glamor: of course Madrid
What better fate than Madrid to make your last night as single unique? In Madrid Limousines have different packs for hen (1, 2 and up to 6 full hours) to fetch the purest style Pretty woman in the front door. And if you want to toast your new life, for you or love in the Chueca district in Madrid, find Isolée, a place that combines the sale of fashion clothing store with a delicatessen, an exclusive restaurant and, most importantly, a Bubble Lounge: a space decorated entirely in black and gold, and dedicated to taste drinks, cocktails and tapas paired with all varieties of French sparkling Moet & Chandon.
Enjoy chic destination with your girl friends and Feelgood!
By the way are you a party girl?, then Spain is perfect for you!
Sun, 05 Sep 2010 12:43:26 -0400 -
Posted in real madrid soccer
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Copyright © 2010 Goal.com All rights reserved. The information contained in Goal.com may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the prior written authority of Goal.comLa Liga finally ended its long summer sabbatical and was back in action over the weekend, enthralling fans with the kind of football that only the Spanish League can deliver. Real Madrid started the season with a tame 0-0 draw against Real Mallorca. Champions Barcelona on the other hand cruised to a 3-0 victory over Racing Santander, with David Villa scoring on his debut. Elsewhere, Valencia won 3-1 at Malaga thanks to a brace from Joaquin Sanchez and Sevilla hammered Levante 4-1 as Abdoulay Konko netted a brace.
Madrid had to settle for a point at Mallorca, as a frustrated Jose Mourinho watched his side waste numerous chances to seal victory. New signings, Ricardo Carvalho and Angel Di Maria started for the away side as they controlled possession for large portions of the game. Cristiano Ronaldo and Gonzalo Higuain were uncharacteristically wasteful in front of goal but all credit to Mallorca keeper Dudu Aouate who made save after save to deny Madrid. Overall a disappointing start to the season for Mourinho's men as they've given arch rivals Barcelona an early head start. Ronaldo also picked up a knock in the game and will have some scans on Monday to determine the extent of the injury.
Over in Santander, Barcelona were comfortable 3-0 winners. All three starting forwards scored for the Catalans, with Lionel Messi opening the scoring in the 3rd minute with a sumptuous finish and Andres Iniesta doubling their advantage around the half hour mark with a powerful volley from the edge of the box. Racing were then awarded a penalty, but Victor Valdes saved Mohamed Tchite's effort to preserve Barcelona's two goal lead going into half-time. Around the hour mark, David Villa headed in from Dani Alves' cross to give the Champions a commanding 3-0 lead. A satisfying opening day victory for Barcelona, who are looking to win a 3rd successive La Liga title.
Valencia started life without David Villa and David Silva with a 3-1 victory over Malga on Saturday. New signing Aritz Aduriz put Los Che in the lead in the 10th minute with a towering header from Ever Banega's cross. Sebastian Fernandez brought the home side level on the stroke of half-time with a flick at the near post. The game was tantalizingly poised until Joaquin scored two goals in 5 minutes halfway through the 2nd half. His first came in the 70th minute when his low shot took a deflection and ended up in the back of net. The former Real Betis winger then blasted a shot into top corner for his second and Valencia's third.
In the other game on Saturday, Sevilla came from a goal down to beat Levante 4-1 at the Ciutat de València. The home side took the lead in the 10th minute through Ruben Suarez, who scored from the penalty spot. But within 2 minutes Sevilla were level thanks to a goal from Abdoulay Konko. Around the half hour mark, Sevilla were handed a dubious penalty for a foul on Diego Perotti, replays suggested the tackle was made outside the box. Alvaro Negredo stepped up to convert from the spot and put Sevilla in the lead. Konko grabbed his second in the 62nd minute, the Frenchman collected Jesus Navas' through ball and prodded home to give Sevilla the cushion of a two goal lead. The 4th came towards the end of the game as Renato headed into an empty goal to cap a very satisfying performance by the Los Palanganas.
In the other results of the opening weekend, Real Sociedad beat Villarreal 1-0 thanks to a Xabi Prieto goal while Espanyol were comfortable 3-1 winners over Getafe and finally Deportivo La Coruna and Real Zaragoza played out a 0-0 draw.
Scores:
Hércules 0-1 Athletic Bilbao
Racing Santander 0-3 Barcelona
Málaga 1-3 Valencia
Deportivo 0-0 Zaragoza
Levante 1-4 Sevilla
Espanyol 3-1 Getafe
Real Sociedad 1-0 Villarreal
Osasuna 0-0 Almería
Mallorca 0-0 Real Madrid
File Photograph Copyright: Darz Mol
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